Senior Management Corruption in Fortune 500 Companies Essay Example

Senior Management Corruption in Fortune 500 Companies Essay Actually, the economy of each state, of each country extraordinarily includes a proficient arrangement of individuals one with abilities to leave upon new thoughts alongside new advancements one in which standards and convictions are significantly ingrained, and one with wholeheartedness of learning, and investigating †all without defilement. Defilement is problematical and actually, definitions are extraordinary, and the meanings of debasement leave the range from being unnecessarily expansive as to be available as nearly incapable to being too much choked and along these lines be identified with just confined, phenomenal, unmistakable cases (Arussy, 2005). Luckily, different callings and spaces deal with the issue of defilement on a further standard root. Defilement is the abuse of expert for individual and private benefit. This plain portrayal gives a fine point, as it perceives three significant components in a consultation of debasement: what was finished; how; what's more, by whom Open ways to deal with the clarification of defilement approve a more extensive idea, allowing, for example, moral contemplations to separate degenerate from the non-degenerate dealings. Legitimate meanings of defilement oftentimes are tight; what is normally assumed by debasement, it sets the weight on morals and has its family in customary ideas of defilement that looked for not to perceive habits, yet to pundit the general political prosperity of a culture just as its foundations.  The benefits made through debasement can be barring money related. Defilement of senior administration in Fortune 500 organizations should consequently be all around archived to have the option to keep up companies’ destinations and re-establishment law and morals in business. We will compose a custom article test on Senior Management Corruption in Fortune 500 Companies explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Senior Management Corruption in Fortune 500 Companies explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Senior Management Corruption in Fortune 500 Companies explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer One of the significant regions of serious development in organizations these days is debasement by the senior administration. Defilements in any sort of business, in whatever organization, produce changed structures and zones of market authority, direct and client usage; in this way there is an unquestionable requirement to relate set up standards against debasement to secure strategy to these issues (Hornsby Kuratko, 2002). Defilements by senior administration influence Fortune 500 organizations especially in the accompanying fields: Bookkeeping Business Ethics and Morale Showcasing The board Showcasing Objectives Publicizing Business IT Banking and Finance Business Results Human Resource Management Financial matters Web based business A nature of high innovation is the quick improvement of debasement in administrations and items, providers and further contenders. Then again, new innovation can likewise incite another basic arrangement of issues on rivalry. One examination is that defilement must not be legitimate inside these divisions. A few business analysts question that any market authority will quickly be ousted by more advances in the new innovation itself. A further investigation is that the debasement of the senior administration can make an enormous amassing of market authority and client misfortune inside a brief timeframe and it sees an absolute necessity for snappy, very much constructed and effective case of defilement inside these circumstances. The soul of the conversation isn't just whether debasements by senior administration influence Fortune 500 organizations could be quickly expelled in a reasonable mechanical sense, however the endurance of efficiencies joined with direct and property assurances determined to protect and store up advertise authority ensures that such demonstrations are apparently conceded from getting into showcase. Besides, the Internet was known to be another world, the indicated ‘New Economy’ wherein ‘dot.com businesses’ were roosted to show signs of improvement of their old market rivals purported to be fixed down through high overheads just as costly blocks and-mortar course organizes defilement is extremely basic in this world. Then again, with the cutting edge oppressed execution of the web based business stocks inside Fortune 500 organizations, the fundamental presumptions in regards to what the Internet is and what degenerate open doors it advances are ought to along these lines be questioned, well beyond the sensible prospects. In investigating the dangers of defilement, it is huge also not to dismiss the capacity of the end client. Especially, there are a few entirely extensive new issues regarding the matter of shopper security in Fortune 500 organizations that requires pondering by the approach makers †the senior administration. The Internet as an instrument for permitting new passage, and further organizations to show up at further clients and make increasingly cross outskirt exchanges conceivable is just fruitful on the off chance that it morally and legally recognized by the shoppers. Trades have remained alive since the time the beginning of culture. Trades and further dealings are framed in an undertaking to diminish costs, increase viability, decrease creation time and make simpler business custom through killing severances and raising joining and organization through able data (The Economist, 2006). Essentially put, trades embrace rivalry in value; a provider totals request and purchasers include admission to a predominant gracefully with value comprehensibility. Trades these days are spreading at a speedy pace; trades vary in group, plan, size and structure †all being debased by the senior administration without our notification. Attributes of degenerate exchanges perceive difficulties formed by the unlawful trades in the milieu of potential rivalries. Moral convictions and standards on hostile to debasement relate to achievement in Fortune 500 organizations. Standards of kinship, equity and value, and obligation in the utilization of network assets just as the exhibition of jobs of open conviction are continually suitable. The senior administration in Fortune 500 organizations ought to perpetually be honest, taking into account the way that reality is imperative to singular opportunity and to solid network among people. The senior administration in Fortune 500 organizations, utilizing PC arrange informing, have ended up being comprehensively utilized and are strengthening everywhere throughout the world as web PC arrange develops. Where worldwide companies and law office some time ago required explicit satellite or phone joins, web system can kill the need for these further expenses (Adler, 2000). The equivalent is verifiable for law offices in territories with worldwide requirements that have made a system of associated neighborhood firms to collect those necessities. The moral estimation of defilement relates not just to the substance of any field or subject however to profound situated auxiliary and general issues, as often as possible including incredible inquiries of strategy bearing ahead the flow of refined innovation and product. Any business or organization without defilement helps prod financial development, bolsters business and trade, benefits society by methods for encouraging educated resident contribution in the political practice †it draw individuals by and large for the hunt of shared aims and objectives, subsequently assisting with forming and proceed with dependable political networks. The commitments of senior administration just as close to home feelings are the most huge drivers during business choices to fortify enemy of debasement programs. The moral feelings of the senior administration of Fortune 500 organizations are the most specific noteworthy element in their company’s goals to advance an enemy of debasement program (Whiteley, 2000). Organizations these days only occasionally notice an aftereffect reason for hostile to defilement programs. As another option, they allude to legitimate contemplations as explanations behind putting resources into hostile to defilement recommendations. Fortune 500 organizations must have severe enemy of defilement programs; hostile to debasement proclamations must be careful and explicit. For example, naming of degenerate practices, structures just as techniques that help a company’s hostile to defilement rule must be refreshed from time to time. Hostile to debasement strategies are dependent upon elevated levels of appraisal. Boss lawful officials are progressively associated with these arrangements advancement, working, checking. Furthermore, organizations are right now bound to look for outer help in a few parts of their enemy of defilement strategy.

Corporate Philanthropy Financial Contribution

Question: Examine about theCorporate Philanthropy for Financial Contribution. Answer: Presentation Corporate magnanimity incorporates money related commitment and worker chipping in for the improvement of network (Tilcsik and Marquis 2013). The investigation will portray the capacity and contemporary scene of corporate generosity. Aside from that, the investigation will likewise deliberately address corporate generosity and give instances of current corporate charity models. Different researcher discusses encompassing the viability of this term will likewise be talked about in this investigation. Different instances of corporate magnanimity practice will be examined through different organization models. Conversation As per Bartkus and Morris (2015), corporate generosity is the beneficent gift of assets and benefits of an enterprise to a non-benefit association. The capacity of corporate altruism is comprised of gift of money yet Morris et al. (2013) included that it can likewise incorporate the use of offices and volunteer of time offered by representatives of association. Gift can be straightforwardly taken care of by the company or by circuitous establishment made by the association. It is the demonstration of elevating government assistance to others through beneficent gift of time and assets. Then again, Tilcsik and Marquis (2013) gave an alternate view that corporate Philanthropy is the method of accomplishing social effect through liberal and key use of assets, offices, worker time and items or administration for helping network and supporting useful purposes. It advances love for mankind, basic great and improves the personal satisfaction all things considered. The kinds of corporate charity jar of two sorts specifically coordinating blessing projects and Volunteer projects. As indicated by Muller, Pfarrer and Little (2014), in coordinating blessing programs, enterprises coordinate the gifts made by the workers to the entitled non-benefit association. It relies upon the approaches of enterprises. Representatives and businesses both give in a specific proportion to gather pledges money towards altruistic projects. Then again, Masulis and Reza (2014) brought up that in volunteer projects, partnership may not give cash immediately to the association, as they elevate volunteerism of workers to the network in which they exist. Organizations give fiscal awards to the network, where workers volunteer in standard premise. Gautier and Pache (2015) gave the view that contemporary scene of corporate altruism lies in supporting the networks and encompassing markets. Benefits earned by the partnership are appropriated to the network it dwells for expanding its picture and expanding its possibility to make sure about future progression of store. The generosity that organization acquires by corporate magnanimity certainly builds the clients intrigue and notoriety. It is the more noteworthy degree towards business morals through helping network towards its turn of events. Backing for network can reinforce the neighborhood financial of the partnership, which can additionally be used in the business activity. Then again, Cuypers, Koh and Wang (2015) depicted the inner accomplishments of an association through corporate charity. In this serious world, corporate altruism can build deals volume of association is it is related with marking systems. The positive picture made by corporate magnanimity can make upper h and for enterprises. Chipping in time in corporate altruism builds the work for the association, which can be accessible in different ways. It additionally builds representative confidence when the workers see that their bosses are intrigued to contribute for the improvement of society. Representatives can likewise get took care of time for chipping in the foundation of in the general public. It builds the estimation of the representatives. The contemporary scene of corporate magnanimity can likewise be alluded by explicit help offered by organization. It brings about cleaner network, expanding open doors for society individuals and boosting neighborhood economy. Raub (2016) gave the view that corporate generosity must be engaged by a wide range of associations, as it helps in accomplishing positive picture on the general public. Then again, Szocs et al. (2016) called attention to that in this serious world, global associations are prospering quickly and thus representative commitment of such associations is considerably more in contrast with little scope organizations. As opined by Lee et al. (2014), little scope organizations may not end up being quickly developing, yet they can contribute in the general public as a gathering. For example, in the event that vertically arranged associations all in all raise finance, at that point the sum might be no not exactly a MNC. This will eventually help in purchaser fascination. Kabongo, Chang and Li (2013) have repudiated this as corporate altruism is believed to crash the genuine objectives of an association. The essential objectives accomplishment might be affected by crashed morals through corporate altruism. Walker and Kent (2013) called attention to that through corporate generosity showcase improvement by notoriety is exceptionally accomplished as it builds the purchasers intrigue and introduction of companys feeling. While, Bartkus and Morris (2015) have negated this, as corporate magnanimity is suspected to put uncontrolled capital administration and even there is no assurance that the buyers will emphatically respond to any business offer. Thusly, there is a hazard for the association. Muller et al. (2014) brought up that organizations that follow corporate magnanimity, gets the help of encompassing markets and networks. Along these lines, organizations will have the option to get manageable and settle their future income streams. Nearby monetary achievement can be accomplished however such exercises. Then again, Raub (2016) repudiated that regularly associations neglect to comprehend where they have to center their corporate magnanimity. The organizations neglect to comprehend the measure of cash they have to contribute and accomplish the most out of that. Associations must be set up to go through cash, time and intensity of dynamic so that there is no immediate advantages. While mulling over the different perspectives on the creators, plainly corporate charity has both positive and negative effects. Despite the fact that there are impediments, however the measure of advantage outstands its hindrances. It can likewise be said that extensive positive business streams just by corporate magnanimity can't be straightforwardly estimated. The significant result is consistently the aggregate type of individual showcasing technique, corporate social obligation and corporate charity. At long last, it very well may be said that corporate magnanimity will bring about improving exposure in the general public yet the size will contrast. Increasingly number of associations needs to contribute in the general public through corporate magnanimity. Corporate Philanthropy ought to be embraced more noteworthy number of partnership for the advancement of network. Tim Cook, the CEO of Apple presented the program of match representative gift. As per Masulis and Reza (2014), the association coordinated over $25 million worth gift of representatives, which at last came about $50 million worth causes far and wide. In October 2014, the association chose to grow its altruistic program for remembering all the nations for which it works. As of late, it has broadened its program from US-based non-benefit association to different associations on the planet. Then again, Gautier and Pache (2015) opined that the association likewise presented volunteer award program in which it gives $25 to the representatives of particular association. As per Raub (2016) Google has assorted giving alternative in their corporate magnanimity and has overall reach from New York to Germany, UK and some more. In the most recent year, in excess of 6500 workers of Google chipped in 80000 hours administration and coordinated $21 million of representative gift for 9000 associations in everywhere throughout the world (Kabongo, Chang and Li 2013). With an intension to offer progressed mechanical help to Government, Google gives Code of America having yearly blessing around $3 million for creating community innovative help. Tilcsik and Marquis (2013) opined that the association gave 5000 Raspberry Pi Computers for giving software engineering instruction to 25000 Japanese kids. As indicated by Bartkus and Morris (2015), in coordinating blessing program, the representatives of Microsoft gave $1 billion for altruistic associations. In 2014, the association gave mechanical help to in excess of 86000 association 125 nations. The association offered mechanical help as far as both programming and equipment. Then again, Masulis and Reza (2014) opined that the association began volunteer match program in 2005 in which the workers got $25 every hour for the non-benefit association for chipping in at any rate four hours. As per Cuypers, Koh and Wang (2015), PepsiCo has started PepsiCorps, which is volunteer coordinating project and places representatives from India to Ghana to New Mexico for helping with corporate giving activities. Then again, Raub (2016) opined that the volunteers of PepsiCo have helped with developing water sanitization tower for the understudies and educators of a school in Southwest China. In 2009, the representatives of the association started Food for Good in which they served 1.6 million free solid suppers to offspring of downtown. End While finishing up the investigation, it very well may be said that corporate generosity is the manner by which organization advances government assistance for others through magnanimous gift of money or time. It is comprised of money gift however it additionally fuses use of offices and volunteer of representatives time. In corporate charity, companies offer budgetary awards and different offices for supporting the commun

Positive Quotes

Positive Quotes “Keep true, never be ashamed of doing right; decide on what you think is right and stick to it.” T.S. Eliot“If you think about disaster, you will get it. Brood about death and you hasten your demise. Think positively and masterfully, with confidence and faith, and life becomes more secure, more fraught with action, richer in achievement and experience.” Swami Vivekananda“The sun does not shine for a few trees and flowers, but for the wide worlds joy.” Henry Ward Beecher “The positive thinker sees the invisible, feels the intangible, and achieves the impossible.”“Instead of thinking about what youre missing, try thinking about what you have that everyone else is missing.”“There is little difference in people, but that little difference makes a big difference. The little difference is attitude. The big difference is whether it is positive or negative.” W. Clement Stone“The pessimist sees difficulty in every opportunity. The optimist sees the opportunity in ev ery difficulty.” Winston Churchill“Youve done it before and you can do it now. See the positive possibilities. Redirect the substantial energy of your frustration and turn it into positive, effective, unstoppable determination.” Ralph Marston“Be yourself. Above all, let who you are, what you are, what you believe, shine through every sentence you write, every piece you finish.” John Jakes“Do not spoil what you have by desiring what you have not; remember that what you now have was once among the things you only hoped for.” Epicurus“When you put faith, hope and love together, you can raise positive kids in a negative world.”“To begin to think with purpose is to enter the ranks of those strong ones who only recognize failure as one of the pathways to attainment.” James Allen“I am not afraid of tomorrow, for I have seen yesterday and I love today.” William Allen White“When the sun rises, it rises for everyone.”“When you get into a tight place and everyth ing goes against you, till it seems as though you could not hold on a minute longer, never give up then, for that is just the place and time that the tide will turn.” Harriet Beecher Stowe“Thats my gift. I let that negativity roll off me like water off a ducks back. If its not positive, I didnt hear it. If you can overcome that, fights are easy.” George Foreman“Positive thinking will let you do everything better than negative thinking will.” Zig Ziglar“It is important that you recognize your progress and take pride in your accomplishments. Share your achievements with others. Brag a little. The recognition and support of those around you is nurturing.” Rosemarie Rossetti“If you dont stand for something you will fall for anything.” Malcolm X“Think like a queen. A queen is not afraid to fail. Failure is another steppingstone to greatness.” Oprah Winfrey“Once you replace negative thoughts with positive ones, youll start having positive results.” Willie Nelsonâ €œFear less, hope more; Eat less, chew more; Whine less, breathe more; Talk less, say more; Love more, and all good things will be yours” Swedish Proverb“These then are my last words to you. Be not afraid of life. Believe that life is worth living and your belief will help create the fact.” William JamesDo you know a good positive quote? Please add a comment!

Legislation - 755 Words

3.2 demonstrate ways of working that can help improve partnership working By working in partnership with professional colleagues, can help to overcome perceived boundaries between services and organisations, Effective partnership working is built upon a clear understanding of the different roles each person has in supporting the person. Increasing clarity and agreement about roles and responsibilities improves understanding, and leads to mutually supportive relationships. Clear remits, lines of communication and accountability characterise successful approaches to partnership working. Ways to improve this would be information sharing, i.e. what is important and what make the person could get better or improve the persons comfort,†¦show more content†¦We value each person as an individual, respect their aspirations and commitments in life, and seek to understand their priorities, needs, abilities and limits. Person cantered values would include ï‚ · Individuality, Rights, Choice, Privacy, Independence, Dignity, Respect, Partnership 1.2 explains why it is important to work in a way that embeds person-centred approach. It is important to work in these ways to meet the needs of the individual to provide the best possible quality care service to ensure a good quality of life of the individual to treat the individual as you would want to be treated 1.3 explain why risk taking can be part of a person centred approach A person centred approach seeks to focus on people s rights to have the lifestyle that they chose, including the right to make bad decisions. The approach uses person centred thinking tools, to help people and those who care about them most think in a positive and productive way about how to ensure that they can achieve the changes they want to see while keeping the issue of risk in its place. In essence is a process to gather, in partnership with the person, the fullest information and evidence to demonstrate that we have thought deeply about all the issues involved. Decisions are then guided by what is important to the person, what is needed to keep them healthy and safe and on what the law says. 1.4 Explain how using an individual’sShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On Legislation And Sales Of Goods Essay856 Words   |  4 Pagestion Firstly, the legislation definition is. Legislation is a great law or set of law suggested and made by government. And it is specially made for secure the consumer from the fraud. This legislation only for making customer and it is also customer need .there are so many countries and ever country has their own legislation rule on distributing and retailing. This is major that it must be simplify and consolidate. These legislations are very practical for customers they keep up to date withRead MoreEssay on Delegated Legislation1046 Words   |  5 PagesDelegated Legislation Delegated legislation is the result of law making powers under the Act of Parliament, but it can be made under the royal perogative.Parliament the superior body delegates power to the inferior bodies which are the ministers, local goverments and courts to make laws under their jurisdiction. Parliament passes the enabling act or the parent act which confer law making power to these inferior bodies. There are three types of delegatedRead MoreHow Much Select Committees Influence The Content Of Legislation1937 Words   |  8 Pages How much do Select Committees Influence the Content of legislation? Introduction There is a House of Commons Select Committee for each department within Whitehall. These were set up to scrutinise government and hold them to account. 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In Sioux City, the legislation currently will not allow any new pit bulls to enter city limits and all existing pit bulls must beRead MoreLegislators Must Satisfy Both Constituents’ and Partisan’s Interests1081 Words   |  5 Pagesconstituents and know whether their responsibilities are being accomplished. Secondly, lots of political experiences and legislative active participations are needed in order to become an effective lawmaker. In order to make bill a law, mastery of legislation procedures and well-rounded tactics are necessary to bargain and compromise effectively with the competing demands of other legislators, parties, and constituents. According to Gerard Padro Miquel and James M. Snyder, Jr.’s article titled â€Å"LegislativeRead MoreComparing the Emplementation and Scrutinizing of Proposed Bills in the House of Commons and Congress1337 Words   |  6 Pagesbudget and a less rigorous committee system. The rigorous nature of the Congressional committee system (CCS) could be seen as advantageous since it allows detailed legislation on potentially complex topics to be written. However, the composition of the committee may not be unbiased, and once the legislation has been drafted it must be ratified by the rest of Congress. Since the CCS is so important to the USlegislative process the membership of the committees requiresRead MoreEthical Law Essay740 Words   |  3 Pagesfailure to do what is required by a law, an agreement or a duty. It is a failure to act in a required or desired way. This means that breaches occur when legislative requirements are not complied with.  © TAFE WSI - OTEN Examples of breaches of legislation and standard procedures in the workplace may include the following: 1. accessing and reading unnecessary patients medical history and records 2. accessing information that is not required and needed to their job 3. accessing information on family

Maslow s Theory Of Self Actualization - 772 Words

Introduction: The theory of self-actualization was introduced by psychologist Abraham Maslow. Maslow s famous work â€Å"Hierarchy of Needs† has drawn admiration and criticisms from supporters and opponents alike. For Maslow, man quest for self-actualization falls within five hierarchical orders set up in a pyramid style. To become everything that one is capable of becoming, Maslow, noted that the order in which these needs are fulfilled does not always follow the standard progression. Further, humans are motivated by their needs and self-actualization is the fulfillment of once full potential. Maslow stated in his famous work that the need for self-actualization is a top priority. Needs per content theories of motivation are psychological and physiological deficiencies that arouse behaviors. This paper takes a critical look at Maslow s â€Å"Need Hierarchy† and the characteristics of what Maslow meant about self-actualization. A Look at Abraham Maslow Hierarchy of Needs? In 1943, psychologist Abraham Maslow published his famous work â€Å"Need Hierarchy† often displayed as a pyramid. Maslow listed the lowest levels of the pyramid as the most basic needs, while the more complex needs are located at the top of the pyramid. At the top of his hierarchy is self-actualization. Maslow suggests that when the other needs at the bottom of the pyramid is met, the individual can then focus their attention on the other needs at the top. For many, self-actualization is a fulfillment ofShow MoreRelatedMaslow s Theory Of Self Actualization Essay2048 Words   |  9 PagesAbraham Maslow theorized the concept of self-actualization which is the term used to describe the state of self-fulfillment in which people realize their highest potentials in their own unique way. Maslow’s theory includes sublevels that must be achieved before reaching self-actualization. In this paper, I will explain how each of his pr evious levels have affected my life, and give an idea of when I may hope to achieve self-actualization. Self-actualization is the term that Abraham Maslow used toRead MoreMaslow s Theory Of Self Actualization1824 Words   |  8 PagesMaslow Abraham H. Maslow, an American psychologist who explores the complexities of human nature in his theoretical piece, The Farther Reaches of Human Nature, examines the theory of self-actualization. This theory, which focuses on experiencing completely, evocatively and selflessly while maintaining full focus and absorption, is practiced to become the best version of oneself and undergo transcendence (44). Maslow’s ideals are influential and implemented by James Arthur Baldwin. Baldwin, a civilRead MoreMaslow s Theory Of Self Actualization1221 Words   |  5 PagesGreenwood Dictionary of Education (2011), Abraham Maslow, an American psychologist, believed that everyone has a need for self-actualization, to develop an individual’s full potential by maximizing his/her talents and abilities. Maslow proposed that human needs are categorized in a hierarchy into the following requirements (from basic to complex and/or advanced needs): physiological, safety, love and belonging, e steem, and then self-actualization (Maslow, 2006). The hierarchy is often projected as aRead MoreAbraham Maslow s Theory Of Self Actualization901 Words   |  4 Pagesman named Abraham Maslow. Maslow was an American psychologist who developed a pyramidal hierarchy of needs. At the base of his pyramid, Abraham Maslow placed the basic â€Å"physiological needs† such as: food, water, and sleep. The next layer of his pyramid was â€Å"safety†, which was followed by â€Å"love/belonging†, and then â€Å"esteem†. Although, my interest truly began when I reached the very top of the pyramid which was labeled â€Å"self-actualization†. Self-actualization was the term Maslow used to describeRead MoreMaslow s Theories Of The Hierarchy Of Basic Human Needs And Self Actualization Essay1072 Words   |  5 Pagesglobally representative. This survey had the objective of confirming or dismissing Maslow’s famous theories of the hierarchy of basic human needs and self-actualization. Maslow’s theory, whether one believes it or not, is still a theory that is debated by psychologists. 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We willRead MoreKurt Maslow s Concept Of Self Actualization1115 Words   |  5 PagesRogers self-actualization theory continues to have significant influence in contemporary psychology. Both Maslow and Rogers discussed the concept of self-actualization in their theories. Though there is some overlap, there are some significant differences in the way they use this term. In this assignment you are to compare and contrast their views on self-actualization. Answer the following questions: 1. Briefly describe Maslow’s concept of self-actualization Abraham Maslow s concept of self-actualizationRead MoreA Nursing Practice Theory : Unifying Holistic Approach Essay933 Words   |  4 PagesA Nursing Practice Theory: Unifying Holistic Approach Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Influences of Theory and Theorist It is undeniable that Maslow is one of the most famous and influential psychologists, whose theory is a base for various motivation theories. Maslow`s Hierarchy of Needs theory explains the drives and the urges that govern human behavior. However, there were many other famous psychologists influencing Maslow during his lifetime; indeed, this fact greatly shaped his professional stanceRead MoreAbraham Maslow s Influence On The Human Psyche1660 Words   |  7 PagesAbraham Maslow. He is cited as one of the top ten psychologists of all time, which is not an easy task to achieve. Abraham Maslow was born on April 1 in 1908 in Brooklyn New York. He comes from a Jewish background with his parents coming from Russia as immigrants to the United States of America. Maslow’s childhood was not a good or easy one as one would think of such a successful person. His father and mother more times than not often ill treated him, which led to his poor self esteem. Maslow oftenRead MorePsychology : The Positive Psychology Movement1269 Words   |  6 Pagesaspects in determining how to enhance the personality by helping individuals recognize their human potential to learn and achieve. In this assignment one will compare the view points of Maslow, Rogers, and the positive psychology movement concerning individual personality. Recent studies have shown that personality theory and assessment plays an important role in the new era of positive psychology. Positive psychology today, emphasizes that personal strengths and their contribution to an individual well-being

Confucius Was A Philosopher Fascinated With Tao, Meaning...

Confucius was a philosopher fascinated with Tao, meaning â€Å"way† as a means to interpret the effortless actions of a society thriving under a Ritual form. He believed that the most faultless examples of the Way were the sage-rulers; they led lives which involved the ritualistic process known as li (â€Å"Way†). They acted with spontaneity and selflessness, the ruler’s actions followed their Ritual part within their community. The Analects goes into vivid detail about the way, its definition, as well as humanity and the uncertainty of what being humane encompasses. As humans we tend to long for a higher power, something more than just existing and perishing; though we struggle with understanding exactly what that deity is. We seek to be humane individuals, but what exactly does it mean to be humane. Humanity and the way seem to go hand in hand because in order to follow the way one must be altruistic. The Master discusses in depth with Adept Kung about Yen Hui, saying that they are nothing like Yen Hui who he refers to as a piece of rotting wood. Adept Kung seemed to envy Yen Hui for being able to decipher a message and interpret numerous meanings from it whereas Kung can only understand a few meanings from the message. The Master tells Kung not to be jealous of Hui; he may seem flawless, but appearances can be deceiving. We do not always appreciate what we are given instead we tend to long for what others possess. The Master warns Kung that he should be grateful for what he has;Show MoreRelatedReligion And Its Role Within Societies 600 B.c11006 Words   |  45 Pagespeople even before you got to know them. The unique features of ancient religions were that they were all polytheistic, meaning that they recognized many gods, instead of one main one. And the problem with this was that in the ancient history, before the invention of writing, nothing was written down: stories were told verbally, laws were passed on verbally, and writing thin gs down was an incredible task for the ancient people, and gave incredible glory to the people that did it, because if it’s writtenRead MoreThe Influence of Music on Self and Society - Values in Music in Eastern and Western Cultures8787 Words   |  36 Pagesof musics moral and ethical power, and how that power affects individuals and societies, is one that receives too little attention in our post-modern world. Ancient cultures held strong beliefs in the moral and ethical power of music and as such it was imperative for artists within those cultures to exercise a certain moral and ethical responsibility in their creative endeavors. As a professional musician for over thirty years I concur with that premise and it is primarily from the axiological

Cognitive and Motivational in Decision †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Cognitive and Motivational in Decision. Answer: Introduction Safety and Risk management is of paramount importance for the successful implementation of the safety management system. These days public awareness about safety and risk has increased. People of various countries are concerned about their safety and thus the arena of safety and risk management has gained significant importance in todays first paced society. The issues related to safety and risks should be evaluated in a structured manner. The safety and risk management has various techniques which should be understood carefully for proper management of this area (Hollnagel, 2014). The perception of risk of an individual and public can vary in certain cases and this should be taken into consideration. The safety and risk management should comply with the best national and international standards. The fast paced competitive human race focuses on quantity and efficiency. Thus quality often gets ignored which poses serious risk to the safety of individuals of a country. Increasing rate of crash of trains and train accidents are examples of bridge of safety standards (Glendon, Clarke McKenna, 2016). The safety and risk management procedure involves hazard identification. Identification of hazard involves risk identification to property, personnel and the organization. The second step of safety and risk management is risk assessment. The hazard has several consequences and the severity and complexity of various consequences of the hazards are analyzed. The third step of safety and risk management is assessment of risk. In this step, the probability and chances of the occurrence of risks is analyzed. The fourth step is to analyze the acceptability of the risk assessment. The risk is accepted if it is within the limit of the safety criteria and if the risk is beyond the safety limit, effort is put to reduce the level of the risk and to mitigate the risk (Haimes, 2015). Risk and safety management is applicable in organizations and in every industry. There has been an increase of train crashes in Australia and overseas. The increase of train accidents is the result of safety breaches . Rail accidents can cause severe casualty and injury to many people. The loss of life due to train accidents in Australia is a major cause of concern for the government. The injuries caused to people due to train accidents in Australia and overseas lead to lifelong suffering of the injured individual as well as the families of the victims are affected greatly by train crashes and accidents. In the month of June, a train crash has been reported in New South Wales. The train crashed into a car in morning hours of fourteenth June. The car was found to be wedged underneath the train in the crossing of Kyogle, New South Wales. The white colored Holden Commodore was hit by the train at the crossing of the Andrew Street, which is forty kilometers north-west of Lismore. The car driver who died in the accident was sixty year old and there was a dog in the car who was also injured by this train accident which proved to be fatal. However the driver of the train and the thirty three passengers travelling in it were not injured. The train was travelling from Brisbane to Sydney. The inspector of detective department reported that the sixty year old woman who died in the fatal train accident was the resident of Kyogle .Her husband was not inside the car, however the fatal train accident and the death of the wife has shocked the husband terribly and he was taken to hospital immediately (abc.net.au/news, 2017). Safety breaches that contributed to the train crash The train crash occurred at the crossing of Kyogle. The crossing was not properly signposted and there was not much traffic lights. A local witness, David Page has reported that the train was whistle blowing for a long time and the man saw that the train pushed the car a couple of meters down the road. The witness who found the deceased lady and the half-dead dog started a campaign for safer crossing. The safety breaches of the crossing led to this major train accident which caused the death a woman .The family of this sixty year old woman has also been hospitalized which throws light on the fact that train crashes in Australia and overseas not only cause injury and the death to the victims but families of the victims are also adversely affected by such major accidents (Hopkin, 2017). The crossing of Kyogle of South Wales has poor infrastructure and is not designed properly. The poor design of this crossing makes it prone to accidents. The crossing is on two blind corners and there are high and tall buildings on either side of the crossing which makes it extremely dangerous for vehicles to travel in this area. The crossing also suffers from poor light and inadequate light do not provide a clear vision for drivers of vehicles in the crossing of Kyogle (Leveson, 2015). The witness of the train accident, Mr. Page has been devastated by the fatal train accident which led to loss of one precious life. He lobbied with local members of the parliament , the Australian Rail Track Corporation(ARTC) and the council for taking prompt action to make the crossing of Kyogle of South Wales safer so that repetition of such fatal train accidents do not occur in the future(Lundgren McMakin, 2013). The driver of the train accident has been taken into custody by the police and has be en cooperative and has assisted the police by answering important questions related to the accident. He will also be taken to hospital for compulsory urine and blood tests (Reese, 2015).Thus it is evident from the above examples, that the driver may not have major fault in the train accident. This fatal accident that led to the loss of one precious life and injury of the dog can be contributed to safety breaches of the crossing. Construction of buildings in the crossing should be prohibited so that vision of drivers of the vehicles is not obstructed. The crossings should also have proper signs to direct the drivers and help them in proper navigation. The crossing should be illuminated by proper lights so that drivers have clear vision of the roads and accident the crossing of Kyogle can be avoided in future if these steps are implemented. Changes to policy and practice that resulted from the incident The train line was closed for investigation. The police took active steps to probe deeper into this fatal accident and tried to draw a vivid view of the matter to analyze all probable causes of the accident. Investigators were appointed from the Office of Transport Safety Investigations or OTSI. The north coast line remained closed till the investigation was over. A collision is found to be imminent even if the train driver saw the car (Profillidis, 2014).The driver must have tried to take proper steps to apply brakes but could not stop at the necessary distance and rammed into the car. The lobbying to change policy has been done by the local witness Mr. Page and the council and the Australian Rail Track Corporation (ARTC) blocked the line and have taken initiative to improve the infrastructure and design of the crossing. The Australian Rail Track Corporation has taken initiatives to change the policy and practice. They closed the train line and investigation into all probable causes of the fatal train accident was done (Montibeller Winterfeldt, 2015). The authorities have taken measures to improve the signage of the crossing. Steps were also taken to illuminate the crossing with proper street lights and traffic lights. However the major challenge of safety and risks that is evident in the crossing of Kyogle is the creation of blind-spots by the construction of tall buildings on both sides of the crossing. The government should take proper measure to ensure that such unscientific construction of buildings is prohibited on major crossings of Australia which poses a major risk to cause fatal accidents which can lead to mass casualty (Park Kim, 2013). Conclusion The safety and risk management procedures should be adopted by organizations and every industry. The identification of risk and the analysis of chances of occurrence of risks is a major step of the safety and risk management. The Australian Rail Track Corporation (ARTC) and the government should take safety measures and should develop a proper action plan to implement the safety measures. The increase of train crashes in Australia and overseas can be due a number of safety breaches like derailment of coaches due to improper maintenance of the track, technical issues also cause such major accidents and mass casualty. Sometimes the carelessness of the driver and poor infrastructure of the road can lead to such train crashes and accidents. Weakness and failures which lead to safety breaches should be analyzed carefully prior to the application of safety and risk management principles. The case study of the train accident in Australia will help in the understanding of failures that lead to safety breaches. Government should take necessary actions to investigate into the root causes of train accidents which will help in the identification of risk. Reference List Glendon, A. I., Clarke, S., McKenna, E. (2016).Human safety and risk management. Crc Press. Haimes, Y. Y. (2015).Risk modeling, assessment, and management. John Wiley Sons. Hollnagel, E. (2014).Safety-I and safetyII: the past and future of safety management. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. Hopkin, P. (2017).Fundamentals of risk management: understanding, evaluating and implementing effective risk management. Kogan Page Publishers Leveson, N. (2015). A systems approach to risk management through leading safety indicators.Reliability Engineering System Safety,136, 17-34. Lundgren, R. E., McMakin, A. H. (2013).Risk communication: A handbook for communicating environmental, safety, and health risks. John Wiley Sons. Montibeller, G., Winterfeldt, D. (2015). Cognitive and motivational biases in decision and risk analysis.Risk Analysis,35(7), 1230-1251. Park, C. S., Kim, H. J. (2013). A framework for construction safety management and visualization system.Automation in Construction,33, 95-103. Profillidis, V. A. (2014).Railway management and engineering. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. Reese, C. D. (2015).Occupational health and safety management: a practical approach. CRC press. abc.net.au/news/(2017).train accident. Retrieved 31 August 2017, from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-06-14/nsw-kyogle-driver-dead-after-car-hit-by-a-train-at-crossing/8616302

AP Spanish Literature Obras y autores Flashcard

AP Spanish Literature Obras y autores

Free Essays on The Miseducation Of The Negro

â€Å"The Mis-Education of the Negro† In the book â€Å"The Mis-Education of The Negro†, Carter G. Woodson discussed the only way he feels socialization can be promoted in today’s society. Woodson discusses how we were taught as African Americans to think of ourselves. We were taught to think of ourselves as people without any background, no culture or foundation so we feel we have no type of self worth. He talks of about race superiority. Leading back to the days of slavery, the white race was privileged over the African American race. African Americans can never be reprimanded for the days of slavery no matter how much it is tried to. It is not to say the white race did not have its trials and tribulations but what happened years ago still affects us today. It is said the African American race is misunderstood and the misunderstanding lead to various stereotypes aimed against black people by whites. I feel Woodson is implying that we as African American need to be taught our history, foundation and culture not only once a year (Black History Month) but everyday. Most importantly don’t teach it only to Black people but to everybody so that they to can see African American as who we really are Beautiful people who do have some type of self worth and history. I believe what Woodson is trying to say is in order to promote socialization among all races there must be equality. No one race must have superiority over any other race. Up until this day African Americans are discriminated against when looking for jobs, shopping, looking to buy homes, and when driving down the street. When people is consistently taught or treated a certain way they may then see it as right Being mistreated because of race isn’t right . Giving superiority to any one race is wrong whether it is African Americans or White Americans.... Free Essays on The Miseducation Of The Negro Free Essays on The Miseducation Of The Negro â€Å"The Mis-Education of the Negro† In the book â€Å"The Mis-Education of The Negro†, Carter G. Woodson discussed the only way he feels socialization can be promoted in today’s society. Woodson discusses how we were taught as African Americans to think of ourselves. We were taught to think of ourselves as people without any background, no culture or foundation so we feel we have no type of self worth. He talks of about race superiority. Leading back to the days of slavery, the white race was privileged over the African American race. African Americans can never be reprimanded for the days of slavery no matter how much it is tried to. It is not to say the white race did not have its trials and tribulations but what happened years ago still affects us today. It is said the African American race is misunderstood and the misunderstanding lead to various stereotypes aimed against black people by whites. I feel Woodson is implying that we as African American need to be taught our history, foundation and culture not only once a year (Black History Month) but everyday. Most importantly don’t teach it only to Black people but to everybody so that they to can see African American as who we really are Beautiful people who do have some type of self worth and history. I believe what Woodson is trying to say is in order to promote socialization among all races there must be equality. No one race must have superiority over any other race. Up until this day African Americans are discriminated against when looking for jobs, shopping, looking to buy homes, and when driving down the street. When people is consistently taught or treated a certain way they may then see it as right Being mistreated because of race isn’t right . Giving superiority to any one race is wrong whether it is African Americans or White Americans....

Stem Cell Rubric Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Stem Cell Rubric - Research Paper Example However, there are certain advantages in using embryonic stem cells (ESC) that the others still cannot provide. Unlike ESC that are known to come from pre-implanted embryos, the source of ASC is still to be discovered. By some reason still unknown to researchers, ESC proliferate and remain undifferentiated for a year longer than ASC do. In addition, ESC have the potential to differentiate into all cell types of the body, while ASC can only differentiate into the cell types of its tissue of origin. Also, it is much easier to increase the number of ESC than that of ASC (National Institutes of Health, 2009). For example, if it is hematopoietic ASC, then it can only be induced to form blood cells. However, despite the seemingly more advantageous ESC, ASC are believed to induce less graft transplantation reaction, as it can be derived from the patients themselves (National Institutes of Health, 2009). Benefits of Stem Cell Research Arguably, the most important benefit of stem cell researc h is the use of these cells in stem cell transplantation therapy. In fact, for 40 years already, hematopoietic or blood-forming ASC from bone marrow have been used in transplants to cure health conditions such as leukemia (National Institutes of Health, 2009). ... It is important to develop therapies for these illnesses, especially cancer and cardiovascular diseases, as these occupy the top of the list of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Aside from that, further stem cell research (SCR) paves the way for more discoveries, such as the regulating factors behind stem cell proliferation and self-renewal. These factors, in the future, may be used in the regeneration of destroyed tissues, such as that in myocardial infarction, one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States. In addition, these pluripotent cells can provide a better observation of human development from embryo to infancy. This then may lead to researches on the abnormal cellular development, as seen in physical birth defects, genetic abnormalities and cancer. Large amount of cells grown in vivo from stem cells may also be used in easier and safer testing of drug safety and effectiveness (Johnson and Williams, 2006). Disadvantages of Stem Cell Research Whic h Lives to Save Despite the many scientific advancements contributed by stem cell research, many still argue against it. One argument reasons that the fertilized eggs used in SCR are already alive, and thus it is not right to take someone else’s life, no matter for what purpose. Partly causing such conflict stems from the fact that until now, there is no specific age of gestation at which life has been pinpointed to start at. The Health Risk of Stem Cell Therapy Another argument against SCR claims that the chemical and biological factors used to manipulate the cells in vivo can cause adverse effects once the resulting specialized cells from them are transplanted to humans for therapy. For example, viruses from the

Fiesta and Social Control in Rural Mexico Essay

Fiesta and Social Control in Rural Mexico - Essay Example 'The nature of things' do form the notion of mind. (Bacon 1960, first published in 1620). Stanley Brandes also enters in the field with the pre-conceived notion that fiestas do have the mechanism of social control and mechanism is thrust by power and persuasion. Following the steps of Bricker (1973) and Crumrine (1976) he believes that ceremonial life is also helpful in understanding the Mexican Indian ideas about humanity. The study of hierarchical order and his personal observation of rural Mexico provide him the bases to substantiate his hypotheses. The objective is to explore the paradox of the way the fiestas promote order and social control in Rural Mexico whereas, at the surface level the fiestas are the break from the rut of routine life and mostly are 'formless and chaotic' but in reality it helps to "reinforce the Brandes cites the early efforts of Robert Redfield (1930) and Elsie Clews Parson (1939) who tried to demonstrate the relationship of ideology and social behavior. The writers mentioned above became the victim of the biases of the methodology of qualitative descriptive research and jaundiced their point of view by romanticizing the Mexican folklore, giving the impression that Indians were 'free of psychic and social conflict.' In the later study of Gossen (1974) et al it comes out that ethnic identity is confirmed by the ceremonials, since the person who does not share the rituals and belief of its community is considered an outsider; providing Brandes the base to study fiesta as mechanism of social control. He found that fiestas are the mechanism of controlling process and it is maintained through power and persuasion. Persuasion to Brandes is "the totality of informal pressures and instructive procedures that lead people to conduct their lives with regard to particular standards." Persuasion is concept to bring to light the influence that social equals exercise on one other. Brandes defines power as, "Coercive and manipulative influences of formally constituted organs of church and state." The church and state become the active agents of supernatural to mobilize people for 'collective religious action' and the skills demonstrated in performing rituals and fulfilling the responsibilities on behalf of community is to exert their power over the community. The study is concerned with the 'fiesta cycle' in anthropological domain fiesta cycle is defined as rituals and folklorists call it festivals. The analysis pattern in the book is of 'Cycle's History' and its effect. The analysis tries to resolve two paradoxes. Ethic and aggrandizement of self have replaced the shared values of equality and the concept of 'shared poverty' in Tzintzuntzan. With the disappearance of the old cargo system the responsibility to bear the brunt of funding has been shifted to the community. The cargo system relied on two major principles; first was the individual responsibility and the nobles of the community were to sponsor, for longer or short period of time, fiesta and they also fulfilled the responsibility to take care of the sacred images, churches and chapels. The second was the hierarchal order, wherein, the

Issues Of Construction And Demolition Waste Environmental Sciences Essay

Issues Of Construction And Demolition Waste Environmental Sciences Essay Construction waste is becoming a serious environmental problem in many countries in the world. Construction and demolition (C and D) debris frequently makes up 10-30% of the waste receive at many landfill sites around the world (Fishbein, 1998). The construction industry has long been regarded as one of the major contributors of negative impact to the environment, due to the high amount of waste generated from construction, demolition, renovation and activities associated with construction. The construction industry plays a significant role in Malaysias development both in terms of infrastructure and economic development. Waste minimization and effective waste management is a most pressing issue nowadays. Construction is a unique industry. The success or failure of a project is relying on the accuracy estimation done throughout the course of the project. In this chapter, the timber or wood and asphalt are usually used in the construction industry will be reviewed follow by the discus sion to carry out by researcher in recycling technical for construction and demolish waste. Besides that, this chapter also carries out and identifies products produce from construction and demolishes waste in construction site. 2.2 Definition of Construction and Demolition Waste Waste is defined as the-by product generated and removed from construction, renovation and demolition workplaces or sites of building (Cheung, 1993). Solid is defined as all wastes in solid form which are useless or unwanted and in general arise from human activities. Construction wastes are wastes generated from building, demolition and renovation works for individual housing, commercial buildings and others. Solid wastes also can be defined as those wastes from human activities. Solid wastes can be classified as municipal waste such as, paper, plastic, food waste and so on. Industries wastes include construction and demolition waste, hazardous waste and others (Kiely, 1997). Construction waste are in the forms of building debris, rubble, earth, concrete, steel, timber, and mixed site clearance materials, arising from various construction activities including land excavation or formation, civil and building construction, demolition activities, roadwork and building renovation (Shen et al. 2004). Normally construction wastes are the wastage such timber from fabricated formwork, steel when steel bar cutting and so on. Even though prefabricated assemblies such as windows and doors, which are packaged in large quantities of cardboard, metal or plastic strapping and wood tend to produce a significant amount of waste (Dolan, 1999). Construction waste could be classified in the form of solid, liquid, gas or combination of all these. Due to the huge use of construction raw materials in the industry, there is certainly a need to evaluate the environmental impact of waste generated from the construction site activities. Construction and demolition (CD) waste is produced during new construction, renovation and demolition of structures such as residential and non- residential buildings, and public work projects such as highways, bridges and so on (United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2000). Construction and demolition waste includes bricks, concrete, soil, rock, masonry, paving materials, lumber, shingles, glass, plastic, aluminum, steel, drywall, asphalt, plumbing fixtures, wood or timber, cardboard and so on. The construction and demolition (CD) industry generates a significant quantity of waste (Table 1), although estimates of total amounts vary in England. Table 1. Quantities of waste from various sources in England (Lawson et al. 2001) 2.3 Construction Demolition Wastes in Malaysia Our country, Malaysia is same as other country, because Malaysia also have been created construction wastes substantially during the process of renovation, new construction, demolition and refurbishment such as bricks, concretes, steels, timbers and etcetera. At each stage of new construction, renovation, demolition and refurbishment have created different type of wastes. 2.4 Relationships between Construction and Demolition (CD) Waste Although construction wastes are similar to demolition wastes, they are often cleaner, because the waste materials usually have not been painted or mixed with other materials. Construction wastes are also generated in distinct stages as construction progresses. For example, framing and sheathing produces large quantities of wood waste; drywalling produces waste sheet rock; pallets, metal, plastics and cardboard during plumbing and mechanical installations. The sequential nature of construction allows targeted recovery of specific recyclable materials as a construction project proceeds. In remodeling projects, manual demolition provides the potential for a high degree of source separation. Demolition waste is more difficult to source-separate than construction waste. Reusable items and certain recyclables are sometimes recovered before mechanical demolition begins. There are two type of demolition which is manual and mechanical. Manual demolition, also known as deconstruction, can maximize the separation and recovery of recyclable materials, but is not always feasible. Mechanical demolition is done by bulldozer or excavator, tends to crush and combine materials, limiting source-separation, unless recovery facilities that sort mixed materials are available. Mechanically crushed materials are commonly land filled, with limited attempts at recovery (Clark Country Washington, 2008) 2.5 Contamination of Construction and Demolition (CD) Waste Waste from new construction is composed primarily of a mixture of unused or damaged raw materials, as well as off-cuts (discarded cut material) and packaging. Demolition waste includes actual building components, such as full length studs and concrete slabs. The largest component of demolition waste is concrete followed by brick, wood and metals. Waste materials from new construction are usually clean and relatively uncontaminated, whereas demolition waste materials are often dirty or contaminated and are mixed with other materials. These differences between construction and demolition (CD) wastes create specific opportunities and challenges for waste reduction. The contamination of construction and demolition (CD) wastes can take various forms: Mixed contamination Mixed contamination is resulting from mixing of materials during excavation from site. Waste concrete removed, for example, from a floor may be mixed with contaminated soil, other materials or other wastes. It will cause the negative impact on the potential for recycling concrete. Surface contamination Surface contamination is materials that have been used in foundations, road construction or in ground works are likely to have been in intimate contact with soil. Surface contamination could also include coatings and sheeting that have been used to protect the materials during their service life but a barrier to reuse. Absorbed contamination Absorbed contamination is contaminants that are soluble and mobile can potentially be absorbed into porous building materials. These contaminants are likely to be preset in groundwater or contaminated surface water. (Lawson et al. 2001) 2.6 Sources of Construction Wastes The construction wastes are usually generated by the construction activities take place. It consist all building materials that being used for construction purposes. Material wastes are unavoidable. One of the reasons to identify the source of construction wastes is to understand the recycling potential of construction wastes. The major construction wastes are bricks, concretes, timbers, glasses, metals, asphalt, plastic and others. Each of them have own characteristic. In this chapter will review two construction wastes which are timber and asphalt. 2.6.1 Timber/Wood Wood is produced by trees and sometimes other fibrous plants, used for construction purposes when cut into lumber and timber such as board, plank, and similar materials. Wood can be very flexible under loads, keeping strength when bending and it is also incredibly strong when compressed it into vertically. Wood is a generic building material and used in building just about any type of structure in most climates. There are many different type and quality of woods. This means specific species are better for various uses than other. Deciding the wood used in construction activities is depends on the woods quality. Historically, wood for large building structures was used in its unprocessed form as logs. The trees were just cut into the needed length, sometimes stripped of bark, and then notched in to place. In earlier times, some parts of the world, many country homes or communities had a personal wood lot from which the family or community would grow and harvest trees to build with. These lots would be tended to like a garden. With the invention of mechanizing saws came the mass production of dimensional lumber. This made buildings to put up and more uniform quickly. Thus, the modern western style home was made. Wood is one of the most frequent used by human in the world. Wood and the by-products are found in every area of modern existence, the timber is usually used in construction, furniture and domestic uses to fibre board, chipboard, paper, newsprint and cardboard. As usage for construction material, wood is strong, light, durable, flexible and easily worked. It has excellent insulating properties. In contrast to the substitutes for wood used in structural and architectural such as brick, concrete, metals and plastics, wood can be produced and transported with little energy consumed and the products are renewable and usually biodegradable (Koch, 1991). Wood will continue to be a major construction material in subsequent decades in Southeast Asia. A large part of the volume used for construction will be in the form of lumber and plywood but more reconstituted wood-panel products will be used in the form of fibre boards, particle board and wood-cement boards. The decreasing wood supply from natural forests will be supplemented by wood from plantations and secondary or lesser-used species will be adopted more as construction materials. In future non-traditional materials will also be used extensively. Rubber wood looms as an important source for both household furniture and construction. The palm stem of coconut will be used in a large extent for house construction, particularly for low cost housing. Laminated products will also become important as the supply of large diameter wood declines further. A more extensive use of nontraditional materials will depend largely on advancing technologies in processing to promote productivity and economy. Nowadays, the growing population causes the increase of housing needs. With the demands, countries of the Southeast Asia are decreasing amounts of their forest resources. In the same time, a diminishing natural forest resource is creating a need to find new sources and new processes for wood based construction materials. The present and future use of wood for construction in several ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) countries had suggested that the future requirements must be met from some unconventional sources and with increased use of new technologies. Wood remains the most important construction material that is available in the region in substantial quantities. In the coming years, wood will still continue to be a major construction material, but in a variety of new forms. Number of unconventional sources will be invented due to the declining supply of traditional tropical species. These will also be supplemented through the increased use of plantation trees and lesser known natural species, supported by technological advances in wood processing. 2.6.1.1 Type of Wood in construction Cement Bonded Board This type of wood came in various forms and sizes such as chips, particles or narrow long strips like wood wool that has been bonded with cement to produce panel products for construction. Research on this type of panel was carried out more than 20 years ago in Europe but only now it is being seriously considered in the ASEAN countries. Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand started into commercial production of this material. Malaysia produces wood wool cement boards and particle boards bonded with cement. Cement bonded boards can be used for external walling. It has sound and heat insulating properties and resistant to the attack of insects and fungi. It has great potential for low-cost housing because of its cost competitive with other materials (Anonymous, 1984). Wood cement board is light with a density of only 600 kg/m3. The thermal conductivity of cement-bonded boards is lower than resin-bonded particleboards and is comparable to fibre insulating boards. Glued Laminated Wood Glulam is stand for Glued Laminated Timber. It is made from gluing many small pieces of timber planks together to form deep members. The advantages of using Glued Laminated Timber are strength of the product, the opportunities for creative architectural use especially in curved and tapered beams and excellent fire performance of the product ( Dr Tan et al. 2005). LVL is stands for Laminated Veneer Lumber. It is made from laminating thin sheets of wood which enables very deep and long sections with high strength possible. The other option is the use of Plywood which is made by gluing and pressing thin laminates together to form a sheet. The grain is laminated in alternate directions, which results in strength in two directions. These manufactured products are used in large spans, deep beams and large cross sections that incorporates large span truss. There have many advantages of Laminated Timber for trusses. In terms of material, the product is known for its efficiency and quality. Laminated Timber uses short length and small pieces of wood resources intelligently. On the other hand, the process is subject to certain quality criteria on bonding, finger jointing and wood quality ( Dr Tan et al. 2005). The advantages are also inherent in the process required: Drying In Glulam, not more than 40mm of thickness is used. Drying and even preservative treatment become easier and better quality is attainable. Shape and form Timber could be bent to produce structural members of virtually any shape and size. The final geometry is normally restricted by ease of transportation and handling. Termite, mould and rot General solution is to either specify timber species which are naturally resistant to chemically treat the material accordingly. Proper technical detailing is also essential to minimize exposure to sunlight, collection of water and possible termite attack. Glulam trusses are widely used for large span structures for its aesthetic appeal apart from cost effectiveness and this helps by doing away with false ceilings or other decorative items. Besides that, the other uses include pre-assembled or knock down Glulam components for transportation purposes, pre-drilled holes and also all connection hardware (primered, painted or powder-coated) as specified ( Dr Tan et al. 2005). Palm Wood The possibility of utilizing the coconut palm wood on a commercial scale has been recognized only in the last decade, although usage of wood from palm species has been known by people in the villages since time immemorial. Currently, coconut palm wood has been successfully utilized in a number of coconut growing countries such as the Philippines, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Fiji, the Tonga Islands and others. Coconut timber is suitable for housing components like trusses, purlins, walls, joists, doors, window frames and jalousies. Low density coconut wood materials (from the centre of the stem) should be used only in non-load structures like walls and panels while high density coconut wood (from the perimeter of the stem) can be used for load-bearing structures like trusses and joints. High density coconut wood could also be used as posts, power and telecommunication poles, trusses, floor tiles (parquet), girts, floor joists, purlins, balustrades and railings and other load bearing structu res. When coconut logs are to be used in ground contact under exposed conditions (for examples as posts or as poles for electrical wires) they must be properly treated. Medium density boards can be effectively used for walling, horizontal studs, ceiling joists and door or window frames. As a regulation, if density of coconut wood is below 400 kg/m3, it is should not be used as structural framing materials. However, they can be used in the internal parts of a building as ceiling and wall lining in the form of boards and shingles. A problem related to structural application of coco wood is the difficulty of nailing and subsequently splitting of high density wood finishes. Coconut wood can be a promising material for the manufacture of furniture and other handicrafts due to its beautiful grain and attractive natural appearance. High value coconut wood products which include furniture, decorative interior walls, parquet floors, various novelties and curio items like walking sticks, ash trays, hammer handles, egg cups, plates, bowls, vases and so on. Comparable to the traditional wood species commonly used in the furniture industry as far as appearance is concerned. Thus, with effective product promotion, quality furniture and other high value coconut wood products can have a potential share not only in the domestic but also in the world markets. Coconut wood has potential for the manufacture of high value and export quality finished products. (Asia Pacific Forestry Sector Outlook: Focus on Coconut Wood, 1997). 2.6.2 Asphalt Asphalt or bitumen can sometimes be confused with  tar, which is a similar black thermo-plastic material produced by the  destructive distillation  of  coal. During the early century, when  town gas  was produced, tar was a readily available product and extensively used as the binder for road aggregates. The addition of tar to  macadam  roads led to the word  tarmac, which is now used to refer to road making materials. However, since the 1970s, when natural gas  succeeded town gas, asphalt (bitumen) has completely overtaken the use of tar in these applications. Asphalt is used for the  oil refinery  product used to pave roads and manufacture  roof shingles. 2.7 Waste Management Planning Good planning is the most important part of construction waste management. Like anything else in construction, recycling is straight forward if you have a good blueprint, but becomes much more difficult and expensive if its an add-on. Good planning allows to identify all recyclable materials and know how going to manage the site before the job starts. Good planning addresses how each waste material will be handled, what containers will be used and when theyll be on site, and where each material will be marketed. Good planning allows to assess the costs and benefits of recycling and decide which materials to source separate, which to recycle as mixed debris, and which to discard as trash. Good planning covers communications, training, and troubleshooting, and lays out tracking and reporting procedures. The Waste Management Plan is the document that lays out the start-to-finish strategy for job site recycling. It is prepared directly from the drawings and specifications for the job, an d a good plan will closely follow these documents. The Waste Management Plan should includes estimating types and quantities of wastes generated during each phase of the job, identify how each waste will be managed and marketed, provide an estimate of the overall job recycling rate, lay out plans for training, meetings, and other communications related to job-site waste management and provide troubleshooting instructions and contact information. The Waste Management Plan is the cornerstone for successful construction waste recycling and reduction. It is a comprehensive document that provides all of the information needed by any individual on site to understand and achieve the waste management goals for the project. All of this can and should be done before you break ground or during the planning stage so that recycling is incorporated seamlessly into overall performance of the job. Its best if the Waste Management Plan is written and signed off on by all parties (owner, architect, a nd contractor) a month or more before site possession or the first day of site work. This allows time for all parties to participate in developing the plan, allows contractors and subcontractors to integrate recycling into their setup and work plans, and assures that training can be provided to supervisors and workers. The Waste Management Plan is also a living document, used as a day-to-day reference just like blueprints and specifications. This fact cannot be overemphasized. Handling procedures or markets may change during the course of a job, these changes should be noted in modifications to the plan. As waste materials move from the site, information on waste and recycling tonnages and costs will be gathered. These should be matched against initial projections, variances should be analyzed, and a running recycling rate should be calculated. Besides that, also should be publicized the recycling rate to laborers and trades. Its a good way to help boost morale, and keep workers str iving to achieve recycling goals (Construction Materials Management Guidelines, Feb1994). 2.8 Construction Waste Management Construction waste management may be defined as the discipline associated with the control of generation, recovering, processing and disposal of construction wastes in a manner that is in accord with the best principles of human health, economic, engineering, aesthetics, and other environmental considerations (Tchobanoglous, 1993). Construction waste management is becoming more pressing problem in worldwide. The management of construction waste is not only of governments responsibility but also responsibility of the developer of the particular land area. There are two ways to manage the waste will be discussed later. 2.8.1 Reuse The reuse of waste material is one of the important form of pollution prevention. It is because these changes reduce the amount of waste generated year to year. Source reduction and reuse are regularly undertaken in developing countries, while these are only beginning to be practiced widely in industrialized countries. Several obstacles have stop waste prevention efforts including manufacturing decision and consumer buying patterns. For an example, manufacturers have little incentive to consider the cost of waste collection and disposal when designing a product because the consumers do not take these factors into consideration when making purchase decisions. 2.8.2 Recycling Recycling construction and demolition (CD) waste is defined as using or reuse a material or residual component of a material (Holt, 2001). Besides that, recycling also reprocessing of a reclaimed material and converting it into a new material or use. Recycle construction and demolition (CD) waste can be accomplished in various ways. Deconstruction is one method of recycle construction and demolition (CD) waste. Deconstruction is the disassembly of structures and reuse of their parts. It is believe that there is value in salvaged materials. However for traditional recycle construction and demolition (CD) waste methods are modifying materials remanufacture. There are many constructions and demolition (CD) waste can be recycled. The expanding the market recycle construction and demolition (CD) waste are depend on the recycled and salvaged goods in the market place, labour costs for removal, sorting and processing and relative disposal cost (Patterson, 2005). 2.8.3 The Important of Recycling There are some benefits of recycling, including saving energy saving land space, saving money, creating new jobs, reducing air and water pollution and preserving habitat for wildlife. It takes less energy to process recycled materials than it does to use virgin materials. For an example, it takes less energy to recycle paper from waste material than it does to create paper from new woodland, because there is no longer a need to cut down a new tree, process the wood from the tree and make it into paper. Energy from non-renewable resources is protected and saved for future generations, money is saved when less energy is used. This is also can mean that more competitively priced goods and often pollution and emissions are reduced when less energy is used. Recycling reduces trash in landfill sites, which cuts down on the cost of waste disposal and the clearing of more land for new landfills when the current landfills become too full to store any more waste. Recycling is an easy and less expensive alternative to clearing more land for new landfills. For an example, composting, recycling kitchen waste and yard waste into compost provides a means of free nutritious soil for gardening. Recycling would allow human to reuse the materials over and over again. Decomposing waste often release noxious gases and chemicals as it decomposes at landfill sites. These gas and chemicals create air pollution. When the chemicals leach into the groundwater, this will creates water pollution and water is c ontaminated. In 2000, recycling of solid waste prevented the release of 32.9 million metric tons of carbon equivalent (MMTCE, the unit of measure for greenhouse gases) into the air. Imagine how much pollution could prevent if instead of landfills had recycling centers. Human could breathe cleaner air and drink cleaner water. If the human created more recycling opportunities, this would create more jobs and no one would have to lose their jobs either. Recycling also preserves wildlife. When fewer trees are cut down to make virgin material or to make space landfills, habitat for wildlife remains. More habitats for animals mean less animal extinction. Despite what some may say, recycling is important and it can make a difference. The people may not be able to solve their landfill and pollution problems anytime soon, but at least they can help keep them from getting worse. Recycling is a easy way to do. Start with paper or plastic or both and take them to a recycling bin near your home. For an example, if any people have to go grocery shopping fill up a car with a box of recyclable paper and dump it at the recycling bin near the store. Many grocery stores now have these bins available. If not ask them to start or participate in your neighborhoods curbside recycling program. If there isnt one available get one started in the neighborhood. In 2001 United States residents, businesses and institutions generated more than 229 million tons of municipal solid waste (MSW) (EPA, Municipal Solid Waste in the United States: 2001 Final Report). This waste adversely affects the economy and the environment. Conventional methods of disposal involve land filling. These landfills have limited capacity. As waste generation increases, new landfills must be built. Landfills are expensive to build and operate. The landfills are also highly subsidized by local governments and require significant land that then is no longer viable for wildlife habitat or residential, commercial, or recr eational development. Waste negatively impacts the environment. Degradation of the natural landscape occurs through leaching from improperly lined landfills and from the extraction of resources for new materials. To reduce the amount of waste generation, communities have instituted recycling programs across the country. Recycling has economic and environmental benefits for communities. First, recycling reduces the need for new landfills and associated costs. Second, recycling can support industrial development as the recycled materials serve as raw materials for manufacturing and other uses. For an example, recycled soda bottles are used in carpet manufacturing; steel contains 85 percent recycled content and recycled paper is milled for new paper products. By supplying raw materials to industry through the reuse of materials, recycling conserves resources by reducing the need to extract virgin resources or introduce new chemicals into the environment. By not disturbing existing natu ral resources and by reducing noxious manufacturing processes, recycling prevents emissions of many greenhouse gases and water pollutants. From a community and environmental preservation perspective, recycling conserves green space, protects habitat, and improves quality of life for residents in natural resource locations. Recycling also saves energy through avoided extraction and manufacture processes. This can be a particularly powerful strategy when one realizes that only 10 percent of all materials extracted are used in final products. This means that 90 percent of natural resources extracted for consumer use are disposed of as waste. From an economic perspective, such high values of unused material represent inefficiencies in the market. Missed opportunities exist where inefficiencies are present. Recycling contributes to the economic base of communities. There is significant job creation and business development potential associated with recycling. Jobs in this field involve more than simple collection and separation. The remanufacture of recycled materials supports more than one million manufacturing jobs. As companies seek to find new uses for recycled materials, research and development of greener technologies require skilled individuals and significant capital investment. A wide variety of jo b skills are needed to develop this industry. Hence, the more robust are the recycling activities which include collection, separation, research, manufacture and resale and the more recycling can advance economic development. The popular phrase, reduce, reuse, recycle has become a household mantra with millions of households separating their plastics, paper, cans and glass and using curbside pick-up, drop-off centers, buy-back centers, and deposit refund programs. Certainly within these material streams, a larger percentage of recycling is possible. Further, these materials are only part of the waste stream. There are other materials that may have more impact when recycled. Construction and demolition (CD) debris materials are easily recyclable using existing infrastructure and make up larger concentrations of waste volume than cans, bottles, paper and so on. (William McDonough and Michael Braungart. 2002. Cradle to Cradle. New York: Northpoint Press). Construction and demolition waste is currently recycled at a rate of 20-30 percent. Project-based studies indicate that the potential for recycling is much higher more than 70 percent. While many construction and demolition materials are suitable for recycl ing, there are external factors that influence the spread of construction and demolition recycling. The value of recycled and salvaged goods in the marketplace, labor costs for removal, sorting and processing, and relative disposal costs all play a role in expanding or contracting the market for reuse and recycled goods. Recycled and salvaged goods must be price competitive and perceived to be as desirable as or even more desirable than products produced from virgin materials. Competitive pricing is impacted by subsidies, incentives on virgin materials, and market demand. Recycled goods or secondary materials do not benefit from similar policies that could facilitate their widespread use and resultant competitive pricing. Desirability for recycled materials is a reflection of the value placed upon these goods. This desirability can be affected by industry and consumer market knowledge and acceptance. However, hesitancy to use recycled goods on the part of bui

I AM SAM :: essays research papers

I Am Sam was an enlighten story of a struggle of a man and his daughter to stay together. In this movie the director showed the viewers a realistic situation between family and state. The director also did an excellent job portraying the illustration of the main character (Sam) and his daughter (Lucy) personal struggle within. This story showed the importance of love and family. The movie I Am Sam introduces conflict between the family and state. The main character (Sam) and his daughter (Lucy) represent the family and Social Services represent the state. The conflict is first seen in the movie when Sam’s daughter Lucy becomes age seven. At the age of seven Lucy is smarter than her mentally-retarded forty year-old man with autistic tendencies. When the Department of Social Services discovers this situation they take action. The conflict also toke place due to the fact that Sam had to rely on help from his friends, including his eccentric neighbor (Diane Wiest) and a lovable group of similarly challenged friends to care for his child. Sam’s struggle within himself was a hard and usual struggle unlike any thing that ordinary people go through in their every day life. He didn’t just have to adjust to the fact that the mother of his child left him alone with their child after giving birth. Sam was an mentally-retarded forty year-old man with autistic tendencies, who had the responsibility of raising a daughter. His daughter Lucy on the other hand had her own battle to fight. Lucy realizing at the age seven she was smarter than her farther. Even at a young age Lucy understood the importance of this and tried to hide this.

Developing Oral Language Summary Essay

Oral language and written language are essential skills that are needed for comprehension. Comprehension is defined as an understanding of oral and written language. In order for a child to comprehend what they are reading, several factors must come into play. Reading and decoding the words effortlessly without errors is the main step toward comprehension. When a child is reading text, they are experiencing phonemic awareness by sounding out the words in their mind. Writing is the next step toward comprehension. Writing goes hand in hand with reading. When a child is writing, they are also sounding out the words in their mind. Adults play a huge role in how children develop oral language skills. Automatic language is part of our everyday routines and children learn by â€Å"listening and speaking, phonological awareness and alphabetic knowledge, print awareness, comprehension, and writing† (Virginia.gov, n.d.). When students are learning to read and write, they do so simultaneously. It used to be thought that students should learn how to read first and then learn how to write. However, research has shown that learning to write while learning to read is important and vital in the development of reading (Pearson, D. 2007). A student needs to be able to read and write fluently in order to comprehend the material. In order to comprehend academic language, which is what students will use in school, there are certain concepts that a student must learn. Students need to learn syntax which is how words are formed to be able to create sentences void of errors. Students need to semantics which is defined as the meaning of language. Students should be able to cognitively understand and think about what they are reading. They also need to know how to use the language which is known as pragmatics. Through the use of various resources, students build up their vocabulary and strengthen their abilities to read fluently. â€Å"†¦the larger the reader’s vocabulary (either oral or print), the easier it is to make sense of the text† (National Institute,.n.d.). At this point, they will learn text structure and how sentences are strewn together. Of course, this all depends on what genre of text they are attempting to read and how complex the text in regards to the grade specific text they are reading. Being able to comprehend what one is reading all depends on what mood the student is in at the time. The student should be motivated and interested in the reading material. They need to understand the purpose of the reading; is it for enjoyment or for a school assignment? All of these are key factors that lead to comprehension. Another element of comprehension is cognitive targets. Cognitive targets are defined as the way a person comprehends or thinks about what is being read. The targets are locate and recall, integrate and interpret, and critique and evaluate. Locate and recall refers to locating or recalling something specific, such as the main idea, about the text they have read. Integrate and interpret refers to how a student can explain or compare what they have read. Critique and evaluate refers to how a student exams the text or evaluates certain parts of the text. Students practice these cognitive targets in both literary and informational texts. Examples of literary text include poetry, fiction, and non-fiction. â€Å"Informational texts include three broad categories: exposition; argumentation and persuasive text; and procedural text and documents texts† (NAEP). There are specific forms of instruction to improve comprehension and are most effective when taught together if possible. Comprehension monitoring is when a person is aware that they understand what is being read. Cooperative learning is when a group of students learn to read together. Graphic and semantic organizers are tools that readers use to represent material so that it is easier to comprehend. Question generation and question answering is when a reader asks themselves questions about the text and answers questions from the teacher. Story structure is when students are able to remember the main part of the story and answer questions about the story. Summarization is when a student reads text material and is able to generalize the entire text into a shorter passage. According to the article, Writing to Read, â€Å"instructional recommendations have shown clear results for improving students’ reading† (Graham S., Hebert. M., 2010). When these are other instructional methods are implemented into the reading process, comprehension can be very effective. This is especially true if these methods are built on top of an already developed language, strong background knowledge, and a high vocabulary. When teaching students comprehension through oral language and writing, teachers need to incorporate English language learners into their curriculum. English language learners may have linguistic issues and cultural background issues that are not only preventing comprehension, but also preventing reading and writing to begin with. As a teacher, it is crucial to first assess the ELL’s reading status to find out exactly where they are in the reading process. If so, what strategies can be implemented to better teacher the ELL’s. Also, a teacher needs to assess whether the student’s cultural background is preventing them from understanding the language. If this is the case, the teacher needs to learn the student’s background in order to assess where they are coming from academically. Not unlike native English learners, socioeconomic background can have an effect on how an ELL student is doing in school. According to the article, Cultural and Linguistic Impact, Patricia C. Salazar explains, â€Å"A student who comes from an educated middle-class family will have a different approach to learning than one who comes from a war-torn region of the world where food is scarce, and tragedy and trauma are daily occurrences† (Salazar, PC. 2009). Teaching an ELL student how to develop oral and written language will come from a successful assessment of the student. In order for a student to be successful at comprehension, oral language and written language skills must be mastered first. Reading is enhanced by written language and writing is enhanced by oral language. To facilitate a child’s learning, parents and teachers should provide as many resources as possible to accomplish this. In order to comprehend oral and written language, the student needs to be motivated and be reading grade specific text in order for the student to retain what they are reading. Cognitive targets are useful in facilitating comprehension and used regularly. Teachers also use different forms of instruction when teaching students how to build oral and written language. Finally, when teaching English language learners how to develop oral and written language, it is imperative that the teacher first learn of any linguistic or background issues and adjust their curriculum accordingly. It is crucial that educators teach students how to develop oral and written language in order to be successful academically. References Graham, S. & Hebert, M. (2010). Writing to Read: Evidence for how Writing can Improve Reading. Vanderbilt University. Carnegie Corporation, NY. Retrieved from: http://carnegie.org/fileadmin/Media/Publications/WritingToRead_01.pdf Language Development. (n.d.). Retrieved from: http://languagedevelopment.tripod.com/id11.html Language and Literacy Language. (n.d.). Retrieved from: and Literacy http://www.dss.virginia.gov/files/division/cc/provider_training_development/intro_page/publications/milestones/milestones_individually/05.pdf National Center for Education Statistics. (n.d.). National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). Retrieved from: http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/reading/whatmeasure.asp National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. (2000). What Works in Comprehension Instruction. Retrieved from: http://www.readingrockets.org/article/105/ Pearson, D.P. (2007). Reading Researcher Advocates Strengthening Literacy Programs Through Reading-Writing Synergy. Retrieved from: https://portal.flsouthern.edu/ICS/icsfs/reading_writing_synergy.pdf?target=7fde5bd4-34ca-4c2a-9b7b-3cf7f64718b8